The names of the holy five are derived from the names of God

Shaykh Saduq has, through his chains of narrators, reported from Ibne Abbas that he said: Messenger of Allah (s) said:

When Almighty Allah created Adam (a), blew his soul into him, the angels prostrated before him, Allah married him to Hazrat Hawwa (s) and settled them in His Garden. Adam (a) raised his eyes and glanced at the Arsh. He saw five lines inscribed there.

Adam said: O Lord, what is written here?

Almighty Allah replied: These are names through whose mediation if My creatures invoke Me, I would definitely accept the request.

Adam (a) said: O God, I adjure you by their rank and position, please tell me their names.

Almighty Allah said: Firstly, I am Mahmud (Praised) and he is Muhammad. Secondly I am Aala (Lofty) and this is Ali. Thirdly I am Fatir (Originator) and this is Fatima. Fourthly I am Mohsin and this is Hasan. Fifthly I am the doer of favor and this is Husain.

Maniul Akhbaar, Pg. 56. Miracles of Ahlulbayt (a.s.) – (Vol. 2),pg.114

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